What is cat neutering and why is it important?

The process of neutering cats prevents them from reproducing, and involves an operation carried out by a professional vet to surgically remove a male cat’s testicles (known as castration) or a female cat’s ovaries and uterus (cat spaying). As female un-neutered cats (also known as ‘entire’) can have up to five litters of kittens a year, which significantly affects their health - not to mention finding new homes for them all - neutering cats is considered a humane and sensible decision for most pet owners to make. Having an un-neutered or un-spayed pet can also negatively affect a cat’s behaviour, as well as putting them at risk of health problems and emotional or aggressive tendencies, which is why this simple procedure is usually recommended by experts and owners alike.

This article will look at the pros and cons of cat spray or neutering procedures, as well as what it involves, the benefits for your pet, and the recommended aftercare.

Difference between neutering (males) and spaying (females)

Cat neutering is the term for surgically removing a cat’s reproductive organs to prevent them from reproducing, otherwise known as sterilisation. Cat spaying is the term for removing a female cat’s uterus and ovaries, whereas castration (or ‘the snip’) is the term for removing a male cat’s testicles. Some people also refer to neutering cats as being specifically for males. It is a reasonably quick and simple operation, and most pets recover quickly from the procedure and are able to go home the same day.

Many pet charities recommend neutering or cat spay operations to be performed whilst they are still kittens, between 4 to 6 months old, as cats can reach sexual maturity as young as 12 weeks old. Timing is crucial for booking the procedure, before your cat becomes fertile, and to maximise the health benefits for your kitten as they grow.

Benefits of neutering & spaying your cat

As well as reducing the likelihood of multiple unwanted kitten litters, spaying your cat can have positive behavioural changes as well as cat health benefits. It can also be beneficial for your local community and wildlife populations. Here are some of the pros of cat neutering:

Health benefits

un-neutered cats are more at risk of certain diseases, such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), which can be passed on through mating. As well as multiple pregnancies putting a huge strain on the body, unspayed female cats can suffer from Pyometra (a uterine infection) as well as ovarian, uterus and mammary gland cancers as they get older. Other hereditary illnesses, such as Feline Leukaemia Virus, can also be passed onto kittens. For males, fighting with other male cats is more likely if they’re entire, which can risk their health and wellbeing, and testicular cancer and prostate cancers are more common in un-neutered cats.

Behavioural benefits

When cats haven’t been neutered they’re more vulnerable to hormonal changes driven by them being ‘in season’. These changes can have a profound effect on a cat’s personality, as well as causing them additional stress, irritability or restlessness which may make them act unusually - especially if they are kept indoors for their own safety. Male cats can also become more aggressive and may also ‘spray’ to mark their territory, which is particularly unpleasant indoors and can be a difficult smell to remove.

Avoiding multiple litters

Cats can quickly reproduce, even with their brothers and sisters, if they are unneutered. Raising a litter of kittens can be hard work, with feeding, grooming, and attending to them, as well as being expensive with vet visits and vaccinations. It can sometimes be hard to find them all loving homes. A cat can be neutered from 4 months old, and they don’t have to have had a litter of kittens in order to have the operation, so many vets recommend the operation being done sooner rather than later.

Environmental benefits

Neutering cats helps to control the overpopulation of predators, which can present significant dangers to local wildlife. It’s a cat’s instinct to go out and hunt, which can have a negative impact on bird populations, as well as rarer creatures such as bats and dormice. Cat spay and neutering operations can help to preserve biodiversity by reducing the risk of unwanted pets hunting other animals to survive.

Community benefits

Female cats who haven’t been spayed will want to go outside more when they’re in season. Male cats also have a strong desire to roam to find a mate, which could put them at increased risk of getting lost or injured by cars if they aren’t neutered. Both male and female cats can be loud when they’re in search of a mate, which can be problematic for neighbours, not to mention a male cat’s spraying on other people’s property. There is also an increased risk of homeless kittens being born and left to scavenge on their own, so neutering helps to reduce the risk of strays.

All operations come with a small risk, so it’s important to weigh up the pros and cons of the procedure.

The cat spaying & neutering process: What to expect?

Your vet will advise you to not allow your cat to eat or drink from a certain time the night before the operation, usually from around 9pm depending on your appointment time the next day, and make sure you don’t let them outside beforehand. Your cat will need access to a litter tray the night before but no food, treats or water should be given after dinner time.

Your vet will complete a pre-operative assessment before performing the procedure under general anaesthetic. Some cats can become stressed when going to the vets, and may show aggressive or very anxious behaviour, so it can help to talk to them to help keep them calm, and provide something familiar in their cat carrier with their scent on to reassure them.

The operation itself is usually fairly quick and is carried out when your cat is under anaesthetic. Afterwards, many cats are back on their feet within a few hours, and once they’ve managed to drink and pass urine they will be allowed to go back home. They will be given pain relief, if needed, to reduce any unwanted discomfort.

Afterwards you’ll need to keep your cat indoors for a week and make sure they don’t over-groom their wound. You’ll be given advice on dressings and whether they need any additional care whilst they’re recuperating, which will usually take around 10 days for a full recovery.

Pre-surgery preparation

Generally, it’s best if cats are in good health before their operation, to help speed up recovery. This involves a healthy, balanced diet and plenty of opportunities for exercise. It’s important to follow your vet’s advice on not letting them out the night before, keeping them indoors, and adhering to nil by mouth for their safety. Some cats will know that something’s up and may pick up on your stress - especially if they see the pet carrier appearing - and may start meowing or hiding away. It’s helpful to keep them calm by removing any loud noises, providing a quiet and safe space for them to retreat to, and offering distractions through games or toys. Some cats also find plug-in pheromone devices soothing.

Aftercare tips for a smooth recovery after neutering or spaying

After the operation your pet may be quieter than usual, very tired, and not have much of an appetite. This is to be expected, though it’s important to keep an eye on them to make sure this doesn’t persist for longer than your vet described. Keep offering them fresh water even if they aren’t wanting to eat. Look out for any increased signs of discomfort, dehydration, or infection of the wound area,and consult your vet for advice. If they don’t start to eat, drink and go to the toilet as usual within 24 hours it’s important to seek help.

You’ll also need to keep your cat calm, indoors, and resting as much as possible. Avoid loud noises and disturbances, and wait for a good few days before letting them run, jump or play games. The importance of proper nutrition, plenty of water and rest is key in aiding their recovery.

It’s important to remember that your cat won’t hold a grudge after you’ve taken them to the vet. Most cats are happy to be home, and may seek you out for comfort as they recover. Remember that you’re doing it for their own benefit, and you’ll likely see your pet’s usual personality shining through quickly afterwards.

Is it good to neuter a cat? Common misconceptions

Cat spaying and neutering is recommended by most pet charities and cat care experts. This relatively quick and simple operation is done under general anaesthetic, and most cats recover rapidly. Common misconceptions about cat spay and neutering procedures include:

• A cat’s personality will change - this is a common worry with pet owners, but neutering simply curbs hormonally-driven behaviour, which is usually more negative and/or changeable.
• Only outdoor cats need spaying - un-neutered cats have a desire to escape at all costs, so operating on indoor cats too not only reduces the risk of unwanted kittens but can help to reduce spraying, health issues and aggression.
• Cats may gain weight - neutered cats can gain a little weight in adulthood as their calorie requirements can reduce slightly, but this is easily managed with portion control. Speak to your vet or vet nurse for healthy body weight maintenance advice.
• Neutering is cruel - cat spay and neutering operations are considered safe and have more health positives than negatives, as well as avoiding unwanted kittens. It is performed under anaesthetic to reduce pain and discomfort.

Signs your cat needs to be neutered can include a change in behaviour, a desire to escape, vocalisation and urinating in unusual places. Speak to your vet for further advice.

Cat neutering and its importance - Summary

As well as providing health benefits to your cat, neutering can help to curb unwanted behaviour - such as spraying, yowling and roaming - and it can help to reduce hormonal changes which can affect cats’ personalities. A neutered cat also reduces the risk of unwanted pregnancies, an overpopulation of kittens and strays.

You could either look out for signs your cat needs to be neutered, book the procedure in readiness for when they’re around 4 months old, or ask your vet for guidance.

Discover more cat behaviour articles on our blog, and treat your furry friend to their favourite meal to show you love them back with our tasty and nutritious cat food.

Commonly asked questions about cat neutering - FAQ

Do male cats change after neutering?

Cat neutering usually has a positive effect on male cats, as it reduces aggression and spraying, and can encourage their cuddly, happy and affectionate side. It can also make them less anxious, less likely to roam, and less likely to suffer from certain health conditions.

What is the best age to neuter a cat?

Most experts recommend that male and female cats are neutered at around 4 months of age, as it’s around then that they reach sexual maturity and have the ability to reproduce. Signs your cat needs to be neutered may include roaming, increased vocalisation, aggression or a change in behavior, trying to escape, having toilet issues or spraying (males).

When to let a cat out after neutering?

It is usually recommended to keep your cat indoors for a week after their operation. This is to help them recover from the anaesthesia, get back to their usual activities slowly to aid healing, and avoid the risk of damaging or infecting the incision area. Talk to your vet if you’re worried or need further advice.